Waiting Line and Queuing Theory Solutions Essay Example

Waiting Line and Queuing Theory Solutions Paper Students should realize that different organizations place different values on customer waiting time. Ask students to consider different scenarios, from a drive-through restaurant to a doctors office to a registration line in their college or motor vehicle office. It becomes clear that organizations place different values on their customers time (with most colleges and Dams unfortunately placing minimal cost on waiting time). Teaching Suggestion 14. 3: use of Poisson and Exponential Probability Distributions to Describe Arrival and Service Rates. These two distributions are very common in basic models, but students should not take their appropriateness for granted. As a project, ask students to visit a bank or drive-through restaurant ND time arrivals to see if they indeed are Poisson distributed. Note that other distributions (such as exponential, normal, or Erelong) are often more valid. Teaching Suggestion 14. 4: Balking and Reneging Assumptions, Note that most queuing models assume that balking and reneging are not permitted. Since we know they do occur in supermarkets, what can be done? This is one of many places to prepare students for the need for simulation, the topic of the next chapter. Teaching Suggestion 14. 5: use of Queuing Software The Excel KM and KM for Windows queuing software modules are among the easiest models n the program to use since there are so few inputs. Yet students should be reminded of how long it would take to produce the programs in Chapter 14 by hand. Teaching Suggestion 14. 6: Importance Of LLC and Was in Economic Analysis. Although many parameters are computed for a queuing study, the two most important ones are LLC and Was when it comes to an actual cost analysis. We will write a custom essay sample on Waiting Line and Queuing Theory Solutions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Waiting Line and Queuing Theory Solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Waiting Line and Queuing Theory Solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Teaching Suggestion 14. 7: Teaching the New England Foundry Case. Here is a tip for this very teachable case. About half the students who tackle the case forget that time walking to the counter must be noted and that the return time also needs to be added. ALTERNATIVE EXAMPLES Alternative Example 14. 1: A new shopping mall is considering setting up an information desk manned by one employee. Based on information obtained from similar information desks, it is believed that people Will arrive at the desk at the rate of 20 per hour. It takes an average of 2 minutes to answer a question. It is assumed that arrivals are Poisson and answer times are exponentially distributed. A. Find the probability that the employee is idle. B. Find the proportion of the time that the employee is busy. C. Find the average number of people receiving and waiting to receive information. D. Find the average number f people waiting in line to get information. E. Find the average time a person seeking information spends at the desk. F. Find the expected time a person spends just waiting in line to have a question answered. ANSWER: a. B. C. L 20/hour 1 0. 6 20 30 20 1 2030 30/hour . 33 33% 2 people q (1 (20)2 1. 33 people ) 3030 20) 1 0. 1 hour 30 20 Wq 20 30130 20) 0. 0667 hours Alternative Example 14. 2: In Alternative Example 14. 1 the information desk employee earns $5/hour. The cost of waiting time, in terms of customer unhappiness with the mall, is 512/hour of time spent waiting in line. Vind the total expected costs over an 8hour day. . The average person waits 0. 0667 hour and there are 160 arrivals per day. So total waiting time (1 10. 67 hours @ $12/hour, implying a waiting cost of $128/day. b. The salary cost is $40/day. C. Total costs are $128 $40 $168/day. 5/12/08 1:01 PM Page 218 CHAPTER 14 WAITING LINE AND QUEUING THEORY MODELS Alternative Example 14. 3: A new shopping mall is considering setting up an information desk manned by two employees. Based on information obtained from similar information desks, it is believed that people will arrive at the desk distributed. A. Find the proportion of the time that the employees are idle. B. Find he average number Of people waiting in the system. C. Pin the expected time 3 person spends waiting in the system. ANSWER: (servers). A. P 20/hour, 30/hour, M 2 open channels SOLUTIONS TO DISCUSSION QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 14-1. The waiting line problem concerns the question of finding the ideal level of service that an organization should provide. The three components of a queuing system are arrivals, waiting line, and service facility. 14-2, The seven underlying assumptions are: 1. Arrivals are FIFO. 2. There is no balking or reneging. 3. Arrivals are independent. 4 Arrivals are Poisson. 5. Service times are independent. . Service times are negative exponential. 7. Average service rate exceeds average arrival rate, 14-3, The seven operating characteristics are: 1. Average number to customers in the system (L) 2. Average time spent in the system (W) 3, Average number in the queue (LLC) 4. Average time in the queue (Was) 5. Utilization factor ( ) 6. Percent idle time (Pop) 7. Probability there are more than K customers in the system 1 (20 10! Icily 123 911 J 1312 II (6020) J b. / 3012 (1 2012 12 J 20 30 (J 1, 600121 L 3/ 420 23 112 812 912 3 people p 4 144. If the service rate is not greater than the arrival rate, an infinite queue will eventually build up. 4-5. First-in, first-out (FIFO) is often not applicable. Some examples are (I) hospital emergency rooms, (2) an elevator, (3) an airplane trip, (4) a small store where the shopkeeper serves whoever can get his or her attention first, (5) a computer system set to accept priority runs, (6) a college registration system that allows juniors and seniors to register ahead of freshmen and sophomores, (7) a restaurant that may seat a party Of 2 before a party Of 4 even though the latter group arrived earlier, (8) a garage that repairs cars with minor problems before it works on major overhauls. 4-6. Examples Of finite ensuing situations include (1) a firm that has only 3 or 4 machines that need servicing, (2) a small airport at which only 10 or 15 flights land each day, (3) a classroom that seats only 30 students for class, (4) a physician who has a limited number of patients, and (5) a hospital ward with only 20 patients who need care. 14-7. A. Barbershop: usually a single-channel, multiplicities system (if there is more than one barber). Arrivals Waiting line Service customers wanting haircuts seated customers who informally recognize who arrived first among them haircut, style, shampoo, and so forth: it service involves barber, then shampooing, hen manicurist, it becomes a multiphase system 3 her. 80 0. 0375 Alternative Example 14. 4: Three students arrive per minute at a coffee machine that dispenses exactly 4 cups/minute at a constant rate. Describe the operating system parameters. ANSWER: 3/millet 2 4/minute 9 4 3) was 1. 125 people in queue on average 3 0. 375 minutes in the queue waiting alls 1. 254 1. 87 people in the system 1 1 WA _375 4 0. 625 minutes in the system 5/12/08 1:01 PM Page 219 b. Car wash: usually either a single-channel, single-server system, or else a system with each service bay having its own queue. Arrivals Waiting time Service arty cars or trucks cars in one line (or more lines if there are service parallel wash systems); always FIFO either multiphase (if car first vacuumed, then soaped, then sent through automatic cleaner, then dried by hand) or single-phase if all automatic or performed by one person 14-8. The vitiating time cost should be based on time in the queue in situations where the customer does not mind how long it takes to complete service once the service starts. The classic example of this is waiting in line for an amusement park ride. Waiting time cost should be based on the time in the system when the entire time is important to the customer. When a computer or an automobile is taken into the shop to be repaired, the customer is Without use Of the item until the service is finished. In such a situation, the time in the system is the relevant time. 4-9. The use Of Poisson to describe arrivals: a. Cafeteria: probably not. Most people arrive in groups and eat at the same time. B. Barbershop: probably acceptable, especially on a weekend, in which case people arrive at the same rate all day long. C. Hardware store: okay. D. Dentists office: usually not. Patients are most likely scheduled at IS. To 30. Minute intervals and do not arrive randomly. , College class: number of students come in groups at the beginning of class period; very few arrive during the class or very early before class. F. Movie theater: probably not if only one movie is shown (if there are four or more auditoriums each playing a different movie simultaneously, it may be okay). Patrons all tend to arrive in batches S to 20 minutes before a show, c. Laundromat: basically a single-channel, multiplexer, two-phase system. Arrivals Waiting line Service customers with dirty clothes usually first-come, first-served in terms of selecting an available machine first phase consists of washing clothes n washing machines; second-phase is again queuing for the first available drying machine d.

Free Essays on John Stuart Mill

John Stuart Mill essay Thesis: The argument in favor of the legislation is that the Anti-Semetic, neo- Nazi, white supremacist literature is invalid in beliefs, morally reprehensible in brainwashing children, bigoted in nature, and present great danger to society and must be stopped. Conversely, John Stuart Mill objects to the proposed amendment to the constitution based on paternal legislation which is ruled out by the harm principle. Given the assumption of infallibility and the value in differing ideas, Mill demonstrates that the government is hurting the well-being of society by suppressing minority opinions. His solution is to solve the problem though intellectually stimulating open discussion and debate. Through reason, arguments, and facts the problems will be resolved in a civil manner. Ultimately, John Stuart Mill’s argument is more convincing because it is more rational, valid, and effective compared to the argument in favor of the legislation. FIRST ARGUMENT This group is a threat to the country for they promote, endorse, and most like will commit acts of violence. The neo-Nazis believe that the â€Å"white race either kill or be killed†. Moreover, they believe in brain-washing children into believing that there is a Jewish problem. There ideals are morally reprehensible, factually inaccurate, and thus must be stopped. They are morally at fault for targeting children. At the critical ages from four to seven, children are not able to form there own opinions; consequently, the ideas, beliefs, values that they are exposed probably will stay in them for the rest of their life. As most children their age are engrossed in â€Å"Sesame Street† and fairy tales, they will be enthralled with â€Å"Schindler’s List† and nostalgic tales of the holocaust. Inevitably, growing up and seeing nothing wrong with the atrocious crime of murdering people based on religion, color of skin, and/or political values. ... Free Essays on John Stuart Mill Free Essays on John Stuart Mill John Stuart Mill essay Thesis: The argument in favor of the legislation is that the Anti-Semetic, neo- Nazi, white supremacist literature is invalid in beliefs, morally reprehensible in brainwashing children, bigoted in nature, and present great danger to society and must be stopped. Conversely, John Stuart Mill objects to the proposed amendment to the constitution based on paternal legislation which is ruled out by the harm principle. Given the assumption of infallibility and the value in differing ideas, Mill demonstrates that the government is hurting the well-being of society by suppressing minority opinions. His solution is to solve the problem though intellectually stimulating open discussion and debate. Through reason, arguments, and facts the problems will be resolved in a civil manner. Ultimately, John Stuart Mill’s argument is more convincing because it is more rational, valid, and effective compared to the argument in favor of the legislation. FIRST ARGUMENT This group is a threat to the country for they promote, endorse, and most like will commit acts of violence. The neo-Nazis believe that the â€Å"white race either kill or be killed†. Moreover, they believe in brain-washing children into believing that there is a Jewish problem. There ideals are morally reprehensible, factually inaccurate, and thus must be stopped. They are morally at fault for targeting children. At the critical ages from four to seven, children are not able to form there own opinions; consequently, the ideas, beliefs, values that they are exposed probably will stay in them for the rest of their life. As most children their age are engrossed in â€Å"Sesame Street† and fairy tales, they will be enthralled with â€Å"Schindler’s List† and nostalgic tales of the holocaust. Inevitably, growing up and seeing nothing wrong with the atrocious crime of murdering people based on religion, color of skin, and/or political values. ...

About Mary Dyer, Quaker Martyr

About Mary Dyer, Quaker Martyr Mary Dyer was a  Quaker martyr in colonial Massachusetts. Her execution, and the religious freedom initiatives taken in memory of that, make her a key figure in American religious freedom history.   She was hanged on  June 1, 1660. Mary Dyer Biography Mary Dyer was born in England in about 1611, where she married William Dyer. They emigrated to the Massachusetts colony in about 1635, the year they joined a Boston church. Mary Dyer sided with Anne Hutchinson  and her mentor and brother-in-law, Rev. John Wheelwright, in the Antinomian controversy, which challenged the doctrine of salvation by works as well as challenging  the authority of the church leadership .   Mary Dyer lost her franchise in 1637 for her support of their ideas.   When Anne Hutchinson was expelled from church membership, Mary Dyer withdrew from the congregation. Mary Dyer had given birth to a stillborn child the fall before she left the church, and neighbors speculated that that the child had been deformed as divine punishment for her disobedience. In 1638, William and Mary Dyer moved to Rhode Island, and William helped found Portsmouth.   The family thrived. In 1650, Mary accompanied Roger Williams and John Clarke to England, and William joined her in 1650. She remained in England until 1657 after William returned in 1651.   In these years, she became a Quaker, influenced by George Fox. When Mary Dyer returned to the colony in 1657, she came through Boston, where the Quakers were outlawed. She was arrested and jailed, and her husbands plea led to her release. He had not yet converted, so he was not arrested.   Then she went to New Haven, where she was expelled for preaching about Quaker ideas.   In 1659, two English Quakers were jailed for their faith in Boston, and Mary Dyer went to visit them and to bear witness. She was jailed and then banished on September 12. She returned with other Quakers to defy the law, and was arrested and convicted. Two of her comrades, William Robinson, and Marmaduke Stevenson,   were hanged, but she received a last-minute reprieve when her son William petitioned for her.   Again, she was banished to Rhode Island.  She returned to Rhode Island, then traveled to Long Island. On May 21, 1660, Mary Dyer  returned to Massachusetts to again defy the anti-Quaker law and protest the theocracy that could limit Quakers from that territory. She was again convicted.   This time, her sentence was carried out the day after her conviction. She was offered her freedom if she would leave and remain out of Massachusetts, and she refused.    On June 1, 1660, Mary Dyer was hanged for refusing to comply with anti-Quaker laws in Massachusetts. Mary and William Dyer had seven children. Her death is credited with inspiring Rhode Islands Charter of 1663 granting religious freedom, which is in turn credited with inspiring part of the First Amendment in the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution in 1791. Dyer is now honored with a statue at The State House in Boston. Bibliography The Antinomian Controversy, 1636 - 1638: A Documentary History. David D. Hall, editor.Ingle, H. Larry. First Among Friends: George Fox and the Creation of Quakerism Mary Dyer: Biography of a Rebel Quaker.Larson, Rebecca. Daughters of Light: Quaker Women Preacher and Prophesying in the Colonies and Abroad, 1700-1775Plimpton, Ruth T. Mary Dyer: Biography of a Rebel Quaker

Analysis the Current Economic Crisis Term Paper

Analysis the Current Economic Crisis - Term Paper Example America had been the epicenter of scientific and engineering innovation throughout the 20 century. While the Civil War triggered off the entrepreneurial spirit in America and witnessed technological and scientific advancement in the 20th century, the period of five decades after the Civil War witnessed a virtual explosion of industrial growth. Additionally, the scale of the war convinced people about the viability of developing organizations of national scale. This belief, coupled with industrial growth, led to the development of gigantic business organizations. This period also witnessed the growth of nationwide transportation systems, like transnational railway lines and steamships and communication systems, like telephone and telegraph networks. These developments transformed the American economy from a loose collection of city/state based economy to a truly unified and synchronized economy. This unification led to a period of robust growth of the economy and drove the consumption of society. (Kornblith G.J., 2004) As discussed before, America in the pre-civil war era was essentially a loose collection of local economies. Agricultural was the most important employment generating sector and local communities were more or less self-dependent. However, agriculture, due to its inherent dependence on nature, offered an uncertain and often underpaid economic system. The advent of the Industrial revolution led to explosive growth in demand for skilled as well as unskilled laborers. Unlike agriculture, an industrial job offered more stability and sometimes, higher wages. This led to a massive flow of labor from agriculture to the industrial sector. This internal migration led to the rapid growth of existing cities and the development of new cities. This massive urbanization led to the evolution of an entirely different kind of society - a society that had a relatively stable income and surplus cash but was totally dependent on the larger economy for its basic needs. Â  

Riding a wave of creative destruction reflections on Ecology and Essay

Riding a wave of creative destruction reflections on Ecology and Society - Essay Example The comparison between academic exercises carried out and stored on paper with the new trend of doing the same thing electronically is done in this article in a systematic way. The overall position taken by this article is in favor of the use of electronic medium in academic exercises. As the present use of the electronic medium in academic research is full of controversies, and has always been questioned in terms of credibility and authenticity, this article has tried to prove it otherwise. A step-by-step explanation is offered on all the aspects of credibility and authenticity. This is why it is asserted by the authors (Gunderson, Folke, and Lee) that â€Å"Ecology and Society (has) set out to become a credible scientific outlet by asking respected scientists to be members of the editorial board, and implementing a double-blind review process for each manuscript.† This article, also stresses another important feature of going electronic in academic research. It is reminded t hat electronic publishing involves less technical hurdles and less financial liabilities, thereby enabling the publisher to disseminate information and knowledge for free. There is also the acknowledgement that the new approach in academic research is here to stay- whereby the â€Å"interdisciplinary niche† is established (Gunderson, Folke, and Lee).

Why e-Business is important to the world economy Essay Example for Free

Why e-Business is important to the world economy Essay While the terms e-business and e-commerce are often used in the same context there is a difference between the two. E-commerce generally refers to financial transactions that take place on the Web, whereas e-business refers to all types of transactions over the Web. The use of the Web, or Internet, is perhaps one of the greatest changes in business practices today. The transforming power of this mode of business extends far beyond the obvious points of convenience for the customer and cost savings for the business. The most powerful implementations of e-business enable a complete restructuring of business models (Ware, 1999). The extensive acceptance and relatively low cost access is making a change in the worlds economy. This paper will attempt to identify some the reasons that e-business is important to the world economy. Many businesses are interested in e-business for the most simple of reasons, which is the increase of profits and, generally, a decrease in costs. Often the decrease in costs is associated with paperwork, employee pay and overhead, and these savings can be passed on to the buyer. An example is Cisco Systems who today sells the majority of its computer networking equipment over the internet. According to Schneider:Because no customer service representatives are involved in making these sales, Cisco operates very efficiently. In 1998, the first year in which its online sales initiative was fully operational, Cisco made 72 percent of its sales on the Web. Cisco estimated that it avoided handling 500,000 calls per month and saved $500 million in that year alone. (2004, pg. 15). In a business-to-business (B2B) transaction, if a buyer can purchase more of a product for a lesser amount, they can sell more as well. Selling more helps to stimulate the economy in any country. In addition, when a company does a good job of advertising on the Web, it allows them to get the message about their product or service out to potential customers around the world. This can lead to an increase in sales and also helps the buyer with purchasing prospects. E-business can also provide a larger selection of products and services for a buyer to select from. The ability of the internet to transfer information has made the world a  somewhat smaller place. The use of e-business allows for communications and transactions to happen extremely quickly. Before the use of the internet, trading among countries could take weeks. Such circumstances lent themselves to fragmented individualized markets with subsidiaries run by family members or close friends (Wright. N/D). Now, businesses can interact with their subsidiaries, business partners, vendors, and buyers in a time and cost efficient manner. Many companies, such as Hewlett-Packard and Dell have taken the opportunity to open offices and plants in other countries as this can greatly reduce production costs. The opening of production facilities has in turn created many jobs for many people in those countries, and this helps to stimulate economic growth. According to Gary Schneider the inherently global nature of electronic commerce leads to many opportunities and a few challenges (2004. pg. 41). While there are obvious concerns about trust, culture, and language legalities, more and more businesses are conducting e-business. E-business has opened the door for many countries to participate in business ventures that they did not have previously, therefore generating a cash flow for that countries economy. This type of business has allowed for some countries to openly sell their best products to the highest bidder and to expand market share. When done on a global scale such as this, every country has the opportunity toshare the wealth, which helps the global economy. References: Schneider, G. (2004). Electronic Commerce: The Second Wave. (5th ed.) Thomson. Course Technology. Ware, B. (1999). Syracuse University research centers. Retrieved January 18, 2008 from http://www.syr.edu/research/ebusiness/benreport.htmlWright, N. S. (n/d). Global economy. Business Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 18, 2008 from http://www.answers.com/topic/world-economy?cat=biz-fin

Portents of the Monotheocracy in The Handmaids Tale Essay -- Handmaid

Portents of the Monotheocracy in The Handmaid's Tale  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   American society has had certain cultural and political forces which have proliferated over the past few decades-described as the return to traditional Christian values. Television commercials promoting family values followed by endorsements from specific denominations are on the rise. As the public has become more aware of a shift in the cultural and political climate through the mass media, Margaret Atwood, in writing The Handmaid's Tale, could have been similarly affected by this growing awareness of the public consciousness. This may have led Atwood to write of a bleak future for the country where a new regime is established and one religion becomes so powerful as to take over the nation by a military coup, subjugating women into archaic stereotypical female roles.            Two of these forces, as reflected in the novel, are misogyny among Christian men and the rising political power of the Religious Right. Both are insidious because the real agendas are often couched in the authority of the Bible, and both serve to oppress women and their rights. Christian misogyny, like the brainwashing at the Red Center and ceremonial scripture readings preceding sexual intercourse in The Handmaid's Tale, keeps its foothold on the necks of women by distorting the meaning of Biblical scripture. In the case of the Religious Right, its tenets would abridge not only some of women's rights, such as the availability of abortion, but would also infringe on religious freedom for all Americans. In its forays into the political system, more recently through its Christian Coalition, the Religious Right, like Christian misogynists, interprets scripture to support its movement to meet... ...at Robertson's Agenda for America: a Marriage of Religion and Politics." USA Today. July 1996. 30. Works Cited Atwood, Margaret. The Handmaid's Tale. New York: Fawcett Crest, 1985. Boston, Robert. Why the Religious Right is Wrong: About Separation of Church and State. Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books, 1993. Doerr, Edd. "Pat Robertson's Agenda for America: a Marriage of Religion and Politics." USA Today. July, 1996. 30 Gushee, Steve. "TV Series Chronicles Rise of Religious Right." The Palm Beach Post. September 27, 1996. 1F. Rinck, Margaret. Christian Men Who Hate Women. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Pyranee Books, 1990. Trotter, F. Thomas. "Bible Frequently Quoted Carelessly for Political Points." The Nashville Banner. September 28, 1995. A7. Wallsten, Peter. "Church Meets State." St. Petersburg Times. February 16, 1997. 1D.   

Advanced When Live in Big Cities

ADVANCED WHEN LIVE IN BIG CITIES Big cities are often more exciting and they also have a quicker pace. Living in large cities means that you have to become more active so that you can adapt to a variety of situations. Another aspect of the exciting of city life is the variety of cultural activities available. Big cities are cultural centers where there are social activies, sports events, concerts, trade shows, fashion shows, ect†¦In big cities, there are a lot of places for you to relax at weekends and go on vacatons such as theatres, cinemas, parks and zoos, and centers of recreation. Big cities are aslo economical centers with a lot of big companies, both national and international. It means that you have many chances to get a good job. These are rare in small towns or the countryside. In addition, there are many facilities for our life and health care. For example, you can find plenty of shops and supermarkets around places where you are living.Therefore, you can buy everyday neccessities quickly. Furthermore, people concern more about their health and safety than other things in their lifes. In big cities, medical facilities and emergency services are easily accessibe than in the countryside. Big cities also have convinient transportation and utility systems. They also offer faster internet connections. These all make our life easier. To summazire, I think that living in big cities is much better than living in the countryside because of advanced facilities and social activities.

Lifelong Learning Essay

1. Understand learning and teaching strategies in lifelong learning. 1.1 Summarise learning and teaching strategies used in own specialism. It is very important that i know and understand the various learning styles of my students before I start my lesson. This will enable my students to get maximum benefit from my lessons. I could do this through an initial assessment or interview or if i plan my lessons correctly, i could do this on the first day of class. Therefore once i know my students style of learning i can plan my lessons to what style best suits them. Once I’ve established their learning style i could then plan my lessons to suit my students and i could also use assessments to gauge their progress during lessons, this will be in the form of the initial assessment, formative and summative assessments. I could explain my teaching plan to the class, the aim and objective of the lesson, this way the students will be clear what the session entails and what they have to kn ow at the end of the lesson. In making sure no student is left out i could use EDIP to get my lesson across, this way i will be covering all learning styles. The students should also know what is acceptable in their behaviour and what’s not; this can be done through a class contract. The layout, safety and temperature of the room is also of great importance as there will be some students in wheelchairs, thus the students will feel comfortable during lessons. If not my students will be concentrating on the cold, lack of ventilation, also they may not be able to see or hear on what’s going on, therefore i will have failed in my aim and objective as a teacher. As a tutor teaching about disability I’m governed by the Health and Safety at Work act 1974. My students should be made aware of these rules and in case of any accidents where to go, and where the fire escapes and meeting points are, and also which toilets are suitable for wheelchairs. I will need to give a brief outline of COSHH and what it means, and how we behave in the class. To ensure good teaching and learning i will make it exciting and informative for them as i possibly can. Depending on funding i will try and have as much equipment as possible to demonstrate with, this will give the clas s a good feeling of achievement and help them have an easier life, also it will give me a good feeling knowing I’m doing my job properly. 1:2 Explain how approaches to learning and teaching in own specialism meet the needs of learners. As a tutor i will be giving talks on disability acts, changes to benefits including Personal Independence payment (PIP). I will be using handouts talks and visitors from the Job Centre Plus (JCP) and other benefit agencies. I will use the students own experience and situation to highlight the affects that these new changes will have on them, this will be class involvement and participation. This type of instruction will also use acts, dates; benefit amounts – numeracy, demonstrations and handouts – visual explanation and aural. I will also be using the fire brigade, who will give advice on fire risks in the home and give advice in preventing fires, and also on smoke alarms and carbon monoxide detectors, and most importantly what to do in the event of a fire, and disability adaption companies to give talks and demonstrations on what home and vehicle adaption’s that are available to them, these adaption’s will make them more independent, this will involve hands on sessions. In some cases may have to use power point. This will use kinaesthetic learning; all of the above will incorporate all learning styles and therefore will be fully inclusive. 1:3 Describe aspects of inclusive learning. Inclusive learning is all about involving all my students during the lesson, and treating them equally and fairly, and without directly or indirectly excluding anyone during a lesson. Some students may feel excluded if their particular needs are not met. Also i will need to take into account of any individual learning or support needs. Knowing what my students needs are in advance can be done through an initial assessment or the induction process. Inclusion is also about attitudes as well as behaviour; some students may be affected by the actions or words of others. Using student’s first names, having eye contact and speaking personally to the students when addressing them will incorporate inclusive learning. Creating learning conditions in the class setting can be based on respect for others, a group contract and ground rules will help with inclusive learning. Many ways for promoting inclusion are. Identifying needs, i need to find a way to overcome any barriers, flexible programmes for students with special needs, students taking medication, and having any appointments outside of the class. Also putting any sign posts for internal or external agencies which may be of use to them. Planning learning, by creating lesson plans and schemes of work will reflect on how i will be able to include all my students. Also by being able to plan a visit to an outside organisation so they can see what is available for them in making their life easier. Also agreeing any individual learning plans or actions plans they may need. Finding out if they’ve had any previous learning or experience. Facilitating learning, by encouraging group work where students can mix and participate with all students of the group. Making students feel comfortable to approach me with any questions they need to ask. Providing a safe and supportive environment where everyone’s contribution is valued. Encouraging respect and promoting and understanding of student differences. Assessing learning, this can be done by initial, formative and summative assessm ents. Adapting assessment activities where possible to meet any particular requirements or needs. Recognising and valuing individual’s achievements. Ensuring assessment planning is individual. Encouraging all students to reach their full potential. Quality assurance evaluation, communicating with other team members to ensure they are aware of any student requirements or issues, obtaining feedback from my students on mine and their performance in class, there are different ways in doing this.1: verbally, 2: electronically, 3: written. Evaluating my delivery to ensure I have included all the students fully in my lesson. Liaising with awarding organisation regarding any modifications required to the learning and assessment activities. As teaching about disability I will be using all aspects of inclusive learning, by using a mixture of different approaches in my class, this will ensure I meet all learning styles and retain student engagement and motivation. 2: Understand how to create inclusive learning and teaching in lifelong learning. 2.1 Explain how to select inclusive learning and teaching techniques. As a tutor it is important that i make my lessons inclusive, i can do this by using different learning and teaching styles during my lessons; choosing which style to use depends on what type of students i have in my class. Choosing inclusive learning and teaching techniques will allow the whole class to be involved making sure that my lesson is inclusive. It is also important that i discuss with my students what their support needs and requirements are, this can be done by an initial assessment and first interview. Once i know the needs and requirements i will be able to plan my lesson making sure that my lesson is inclusive. A tutor led demonstration is a teaching and learning method that may work well with hands on; this allows all students to participate regardless of ability levels of learning styles, it’s also useful for s tudents that learn visually, some students may have hearing difficulties therefore it is important for me to give instructions both verbally and visually, and written down. Therefore making sure that all learner and learning styles have been catered for. I could split the class into groups; by doing this it does not put any pressure on any individual student, this way they can discuss amongst themselves because each one will have individual views, this then will allow them to gather their own thoughts and discuss with the rest of their group. Ensuring my teaching and learning methods are inclusive and will meet the needs of my students and will help my students feel valued and supported. As i mentioned earlier it is important i find out if any students have any needs or need any support, as i will be able to choose the appropriate teaching and learning methods for the students and their learning styles. 2.2 Explain how to select resources that meet the need of learners. It is important to discuss with the students what their needs are and what extra support they need in order for the lesson to be inclusive. I can use many forms of resources it’s important that i make resources accessible to all students. Resources can help with their learning, therefore it is important to select resources that meet the needs of my learners. Some students may not disclose their additional needs for a variety of reasons; therefore there are a few steps which i can take to ensure that the students can still take part in their lessons. For example, making sure that all written text is large enough and plain font so as it makes it easier to read and different coloured paper can be useful for students with visual support needs. Students with visual impairment will also benefit from the larger text. Students with hearing difficulties its best to use power point with written handouts explaining what they will be doing and what i will be discussing during the lesson, this way the students will feel included in the lesson rather than wondering what’s going on. Also if using power point make sure the text is large enough for those not sitting close enough are able to see. By using these resources i am making sure my lessons are inclusive. I can also use external resources for example: * Local fire brigade, they can explain the fire risks at home and also advise on safety, they can arrange for a home visit to check that all safety measures are in place. * Job centre plus, to give advice on future employment and what is available for disabled people. * Local council, to give advice on any home improvements on making their lives a little easier, and handout leaflets on what may be available to them. * Ambulance service, to give advice on what to do in case of emergency and a little basic first aid training. * Guest speaker, to give advice on benefits and what’s available to them, and also what the new system will mean to them, the phasing out of DLA to Personal Independence Payment, (pip) between 2013-2016, also changes made to the sick ness benefit, and where to go for any advice. All these resources are beneficial in independent living and ensuring a positive outcome in inclusive teaching and learning. 2.3 Explain how to create assessment opportunities that meet the needs of learners. The first assessment will be the initial assessment; also asking the students if they have any prior knowledge, i will be doing assessments throughout the course this will give me a good idea on how my students are progressing, and will highlight any areas they are struggling in, class discussions may also help in finding out any initial needs of the class and offer the right support for them. Formative and summative assessments will also be carried out. Formative assessments are carried out during and throughout the course, this will allow for development to take place, and asking questions and observing will help me give ongoing feedback and will enable my students develop further. I could give them simple tasks to do and assess their development, this way i can find out if there are any areas in need of further development. Students doing simple tasks will help in therapy and give every student the opportunity to give feedback on what they’ve seen and learned. Summative assessments are done at the end of each lesson and getting the students to demonstrate on what they have learned during the lesson, this can be quite stressful for some students; therefore i can help by giving a little encouragement. When doing summative assessments i only need to assess what needs to be assessed. 2.4 Explain how to provide opportunities for learners to practice their literacy, language, numeracy and ICT skills. Literacy skills can be used in lessons in a number of ways; i could do this by getting the students to create posters, or handouts. I could also get the students to read out or present their work to the rest of the class, which would bring both language and communication skills into the lesson. By providing a print out of my power point (if i have one) is another way of using literacy and language skills, as the students will be able to follow the power point at their own pace, and also gives the students a resource in which they can take away with them. I could also get the students to take part in role play situations, or discussions on a certain topic/ language skills will be used in a lesson when starting a new topic by providing students with a glossary which will provide the students with definitions of new terms. Language skills will involve listening, discussions, and explaining to the rest of the class what they are doing, and the other students giving feedback. This could also be covered by a question and answer session. Numeracy skills can also be used in most lessons, it could be as simple as by putting in a graph, pie chart or a bar chart into my presentation or handouts. This way the students will get used to seeing charts, and could also help them to understand how they work, therefore using numeracy skills in my lessons. I could also use terms such as 50% instead of half, this again will help the students understand numerical terms better. Time keeping skills can also be used in the lesson by giving the students timetables to show what time they start their lesson, also informing the students that breaks are every 45 minutes. All travel costs will be reimbursed by my organisation; by getting the students to total up their travel costs instead of us working it out for them will incorporate numeracy in my lesson. There are a number of ways to incorporate ICT skills during lessons; which will allow the students to build on their skills, beforehand i will have provided a scheme of work, and at all stages of the lesson these will be taken into account. I can use ICT in most lessons and also i could include tasks such as typing work into a word document, or use power point to create a presentation to present to the rest of the class. By getting the students to do a presentation will help in their language skills as well as ICT skills, also another way i could use ICT skills in lessons is to get the students to do some on-line research on a topic which i will give them. Sometimes i may have a lack of ICT resources; this may make it more difficult for the students to learn. However, i could give the students a handout containing links to websites relevant to the lesson. By providing the student’s links will encourage the students to access them in their own time; therefore i will have incorporated skills into my lessons without ICT resources in the classroom. 3. Understand ways to create a motivating learning environment. 3.1 Explain ways to engage and motivate learners in an inclusive learning environment.

Tyra Banks Essays

Tyra Banks Essays Tyra Banks Paper Tyra Banks Paper There are a lot of great models in the world, models that have made a difference in young aspiring models’ lives. Naomi Campbell, Heidi Klum, and Beverly Johnson are some examples. Many say that Tyra Banks is the best supermodel of all time. She produces a show that helps young ladies become successful models. Tyra Banks is a very important person to young â€Å"wannabe† models. Tyra Lynn Banks was born December 4, 1973 in Los Angeles, California but grew up in Inglewood, California. Her father, Don Banks, was a computer consultant, and her mother, Carolyn London, was a medical photographer. When Tyra was six years old, her parents got divorced. Tyra says she was too young for it to have much impact on her life. She lived with her mother on weekdays and her father on weekends. She always had two birthday parties and two Christmases, which meant double the presents, double the love. She was constantly teased by her older brother, Devin, and classmates because she was tall, very thin, and awkward looking. Her classmates gave her the nickname Giraffe. Some days she used to run home crying to ask her mother for help. Her liking for food such as BBQ ribs, fried chicken wings, ice cream and fast food was tremendous. Tyra also had a love for Ketchup packets. Therefore to stay fit in high school she enjoyed a lot of sports, mainly basketball, tennis, and also a lot of exercise. In 1989, at the age of 17, she outgrew her awkward phase and begun to resemble a tall, curvy, caramel-skin, green-eyed beauty. ( Tyra Banks Biography) Tyra decided to became a model, and she started working hard in order to change her skinny physique. Her goals were achieved. However her first attempt to find a modeling agency was met with rejection and discrimination. The agency said she looked too ethnic, or they already had a black model and didn’t want another. In 1990, while still in high school, she landed a contract with Elite Model Management, the largest model agency in the world. After graduating from Immaculate Heart High School in 1991, Tyra enrolled at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, but she decided to forego college when Elite offered to send her to Paris for high-fashion runway modeling. (Tyra Banks Biography) While in Paris, Tyra felt alone so he called her mother, who moved to Paris to be Tyra’s manager and best friend. Tyra moved swiftly through the ranks of fashion modeling to become one of the world’s top supermodels. By the end of the mid 1990s, Tyra decided to return to the United States and switch to swimwear and lingerie modeling, where curvier models are more than welcome. She made her living twenty or thirty pounds heavier than the average model and that’s when she really became famous. ( Bio of Tyra Banks ) While working as a Victoria’s Secret model Tyra sold more bras and panties than any of the other models all while walking down the runway weighing 30 pounds more than the other girls. She was on the cover of several magazines such as â€Å"GQ,† â€Å"Sports Illustrated Swimwear Edition,† and a Victoria’s Secret catalog. She signed a contract with both Cover Girl and Victoria’s Secret, becoming a staple of both companies’ advertising campaigns and runway shows. ( Bio of Tyra Banks) In 1997, she received the prestigious Michael Award for Supermodel of the year and also won two Teen Choice Awards for favorite supermodel. She funded a scholarship to help young black women attend her alma mater, Immaculate Heart High School in Los Angeles, California. In 1999, Tyra founded TZONE, a foundation aimed at developing teenage girl’s independence and self-esteem. Tyra Banks ventured into the world of reality television when she created, produced, and hosted â€Å"America’s Next Top Model. † The show, pits aspiring model against each other in a competition for the label of America’s Next top Model. In 2005, Tyra expanded her into television exposure with her own talk show, The Tyra Banks Show. Tyra Banks is still the best high fashion model in the world. She is dedicated to helping young girls build their character and be the best they can be. Tyra Banks is the most helpful person when it comes to modeling.

Afghan-war prisoners Essay Example for Free

Afghan-war prisoners Essay American Civil War (234) , Prisoner (26) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints ? Some insurgents’ failed attempt on an US military convoy was provocation enough for them to gun down 16 civilians, leaving another 25 severely wounded. The groups – dead and alive, contained woman and children. It is an event of March 4, 2007, took place in Iraq, on the Jalalabad highway in eastern Nangarhar province. The day next US army again responded the terrorist attack by 2000-pound aerial bombing in the civilian area, killing five women and three children. This happened at the Kapisa outpost. These are regular features in Iraq; between January 2006 till date, more than thousands of civilians were killed by US attack. Back home, US authorities are no less active under the ‘anti-terrorism’ movement. Ahmed Alenany, an Egyptian physician, was picked up from the road of New York City and was detained for five months, charged with overstaying, in spite of his valid ground of filing for its extension well before the expiry. His fault was that the police found two pictures of WTO in his car and he held a roadmap when arrested. That was one bubble on the sea. The United States securely took away 650 Afghan-war prisoners to their military base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, where they are reportedly passing their days in small single-person cells. India: On July 2005, four Kashmiri youths went to attend a wedding in Vilgam, Kupwara, and while out in the open at night for smoking away from the disapproving adults, three of them were gunned down by the Indian army all on a sudden. Later army admitted its mistake and wanted to compensate, though there was enough effort to suppress this news. India is also experiencing zero tolerance in counter-terrorism, especially after the militant attack on its parliament on December, 2001. They have even created a special law, â€Å"POTA† , which is capable of detaining anyone under the slightest suspicion on any ground of terrorism, that would later arrest 131 Muslims for the Godhra carnage of Hindus in 2002, who later retaliated with the killings of 2000 Muslims throughout the Gujrat state, were mostly able to slip past this law. China: Charged for â€Å"crimes of terror† and â€Å"incitement to separatism†, the popular religious leader Tenzin Delek Rinpoche was arrested in Sichuan on a night in December 2002 and sentenced to death. He was linked to the series of bombings. Same fate met his co-defendant Lobsang Dhondup, even quicker as he was executed. Now the open secret was that the authorities were up against his activities all the time, as he was a known supporter of the Dalai Lama. Egypt: This country has a track record of arresting hundreds of people either for their proximity to the Muslims, or for possessing â€Å"suspicious† literature. In a known case, 94 such victims, allegedly belonging to an â€Å"Islamic Group† though none heard about its name), were arrested in May, 2001. It was before the September 11 attack and after the attack, they were charged additionally for plotting to kill the government officials! The hapless victims belong to almost all rank and file – Doctors, engineers, professors, to name a few. They were dragged into the military courts whose norms, understandably conform to the trial standards set internationally. Accordingly, 51 were convicted! Georgia: Armed by the US support Georgian authorities have targeted the Chechens at Pankisi Gorge, a place which Russia also labelled as a â€Å"haven for the terrorists†. Here the governmental approach to the human rights violations is indicative of non-caring, as it is echoed by the words of its President Eduard Shevarnadze, who, right after extraditing five Chechens to Russia (October 5, 2002) without holding any court, said, â€Å"International human rights commitments might become pale in comparison with the importance of the anti-terrorist campaign† Afghan-war prisoners. (2017, Apr 25).

Proposal for a dessrtation about (Company analysis and valuation) Essay

Proposal for a dessrtation about (Company analysis and valuation) - Essay Example 1.6.3 Sampling Technique Due to the nature of data to be collected, which are mostly secondary data, there shall not be any sampling techniques in place. Rather, the researcher shall use purposive sampling technique to select four petrochemical companies as well as to select the sources of data. Purposive sampling is when the researcher selects participants according to his discretion. It is a non-probability sampling technique. It will be useful in this situation to give the researcher access to his preferred companies and sources that he deems contain the most appropriate data he wants to work on. 1.6.4 Data Analysis There shall be both qualitative and quantitative data analysis of data collected. Quantitatively, figures from documents and websites shall be analyzed using tables, cross tabulation, percentages, pie charts and bar charts. There shall also be qualitative data analysis of the discretional views and interpretations made by the research on the data collected about the fo ur companies. Editing Process 1.6.2 Types and Sources of Data The major type of data to be collected will be valid and official financial statistics and statements of the companies. These shall be sampled from sources such as audit reports, financial statement, financial reports, error logs, and business plans of the companies. Useful and authentic internet websites such as websites of the World Bank, IMF and other authoritative business sites such as MarketLine and Global Insight shall be used. Because the researcher may not have direct interaction with the companies because they are spread abroad, he shall use financial database such as Euromonitor, Datamonitor, Datastream and OSIRIS to gather official data about the companies. 1.6.3 Sampling Technique Due to the nature of data to be collected, which are mostly secondary data, there shall not be any sampling techniques in place. Rather, the researcher shall use purposive sampling technique to select four petrochemical companies as well as to select the sources of data. Purposive sampling is when the researcher selects participants according to his discretion. It is a non-probability sampling technique. It will be useful in this situation to give the researcher access to his preferred companies and sources that he deems contain the most appropriate data he wants to work on. 1.6.4 Data Analysis There shall be both qualitative and quantitative data analysis of data collected. Quantitatively, figures from documents and websites shall be analyzed using tables, cross tabulation, percentages, pie charts and bar charts. There shall also be qualitative data analysis of the discretional views and interpretations made by the research on the data collected about the four companies.